Ashish Choudhary is a software engineer in Pune who writes code in Java and builds AI-powered applications. He writes books and articles about Java and AI, and makes short films about how software works.https://ashish-choudhary.pages.dev/enhttps://ashish-choudhary.pages.dev/writing/notes-on-this-site/https://ashish-choudhary.pages.dev/writing/notes-on-this-site/What this site is for, how the cluster at the top works, and where the writing lives.Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/webmcp-give-ai-agents-real-tools-on-your-website-b98e58c4fbefhttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/webmcp-give-ai-agents-real-tools-on-your-website-b98e58c4fbefWhat WebMCP is, how it differs from MCP, the API, and what to watch for when you add it to a site.Tue, 08 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/prompt-injection-defense-for-java-devs-part-2-rag-egress-and-what-comes-next-7718e8c40d5ahttps://medium.com/javarevisited/prompt-injection-defense-for-java-devs-part-2-rag-egress-and-what-comes-next-7718e8c40d5aLayers four to six of the defence, for retrieved RAG content and data egress, and where Dual-LLM, CaMeL and Llama Guard fit.Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/value-objects-in-java-28-integer-finally-behaves-like-int-2f3562e0a08ahttps://medium.com/javarevisited/value-objects-in-java-28-integer-finally-behaves-like-int-2f3562e0a08aJEP 401 lets classes opt out of identity, so == compares values and the JVM can flatten your objects like primitives.Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/prompt-injection-defense-for-java-devs-part-1-locking-down-inputs-outputs-and-tools-518e22654648https://medium.com/javarevisited/prompt-injection-defense-for-java-devs-part-1-locking-down-inputs-outputs-and-tools-518e22654648The threat model and the first three layers of defence for a Spring Boot LLM app: input boundaries, output validation and tool-use guardrails.Tue, 02 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/spring-ai-pgvector-a-beginners-guide-to-rag-62b5044635e7https://medium.com/javarevisited/spring-ai-pgvector-a-beginners-guide-to-rag-62b5044635e7Build your first Retrieval-Augmented Generation app in Spring Boot with Docker, OpenAI, and a vector database that lives inside Postgres.Tue, 05 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/why-coding-agents-love-git-worktrees-056d8a21b83ehttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/why-coding-agents-love-git-worktrees-056d8a21b83eOne repo, many working directories, and how AI coding agents use them to run tasks in parallel without stepping on each other.Mon, 04 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/building-an-mcp-server-in-spring-boot-the-definitive-java-guide-3071af9cbcf4https://medium.com/javarevisited/building-an-mcp-server-in-spring-boot-the-definitive-java-guide-3071af9cbcf4MCP is becoming the USB-C of AI tooling, but most tutorials are in Python or TypeScript. This is the production-ready Java guide, with LLM integration.Sun, 03 May 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://aiadvances.org/why-most-ai-agents-fail-in-production-0baab427e501https://aiadvances.org/why-most-ai-agents-fail-in-production-0baab427e501Hallucinations, black-box pipelines and missing guardrails, and how to build agents that still work on day two.Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/write-java-run-on-gpus-how-project-babylon-changes-everything-8f38092a57a1https://medium.com/javarevisited/write-java-run-on-gpus-how-project-babylon-changes-everything-8f38092a57a1Project Babylon lets Java code run on GPUs without CUDA or OpenCL, extending Write Once, Run Anywhere to AI workloads.Wed, 08 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/why-your-spring-data-queries-break-after-every-refactor-af30d987e3b2https://medium.com/javarevisited/why-your-spring-data-queries-break-after-every-refactor-af30d987e3b2Spring Data introduces type-safe property paths, replacing fragile string references with method references the compiler understands.Sat, 04 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-streams-were-missing-one-thing-java-22-finally-fixed-it-242e52d7bbbbhttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-streams-were-missing-one-thing-java-22-finally-fixed-it-242e52d7bbbbCollectors always forced your stream to stop. Gatherers in Java 22 let it keep going, with state, windows and full control.Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/your-coding-instincts-are-broken-ai-agents-just-exposed-that-ce0f2ab4ab88https://levelup.gitconnected.com/your-coding-instincts-are-broken-ai-agents-just-exposed-that-ce0f2ab4ab88Everything you know about software trade-offs was calibrated for a world where writing code was expensive. That world is gone.Mon, 16 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-already-ships-a-logger-almost-nobody-uses-it-ab5c7239f8c0https://medium.com/javarevisited/java-already-ships-a-logger-almost-nobody-uses-it-ab5c7239f8c0System.Logger, the quiet API added in Java 9, removes a whole class of logging dependencies.Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/your-retry-logic-is-probably-broken-spring-boot-4-just-fixed-that-for-you-dffe582fe6c9https://medium.com/javarevisited/your-retry-logic-is-probably-broken-spring-boot-4-just-fixed-that-for-you-dffe582fe6c9Spring Boot 4 ships native retry in org.springframework.resilience, and the API has nuances most articles get wrong.Sat, 21 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-runs-out-of-memory-yet-this-code-still-executes-8079a40eba05https://medium.com/javarevisited/java-runs-out-of-memory-yet-this-code-still-executes-8079a40eba05How the JVM plans for memory failure long before your heap fills, and why code still runs after an OutOfMemoryError.Sat, 17 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/ai-writes-code-faster-humans-still-ship-better-software-bfe5e60a7debhttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/ai-writes-code-faster-humans-still-ship-better-software-bfe5e60a7debAn analysis of hundreds of GitHub pull requests shows AI-generated code has more bugs in logic, security and performance.Thu, 01 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/why-senior-engineers-stop-trusting-spring-boot-defaults-fe40da801e6ahttps://medium.com/javarevisited/why-senior-engineers-stop-trusting-spring-boot-defaults-fe40da801e6aConnection pools, transactions, async calls, and the hidden costs of Spring Boot's defaults as a system grows.Wed, 17 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-is-not-slowing-down-java-is-growing-973e8c3498bfhttps://medium.com/javarevisited/java-is-not-slowing-down-java-is-growing-973e8c3498bfIndustry data on Java's growth, and what Loom, Valhalla and Panama mean for your career.Wed, 03 Dec 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/five-kubernetes-static-analysis-tools-that-improve-your-manifest-quality-ee8bd933b2a3https://levelup.gitconnected.com/five-kubernetes-static-analysis-tools-that-improve-your-manifest-quality-ee8bd933b2a3Five tools that review Kubernetes YAML manifests and catch misconfigurations before rollout.Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/how-to-execute-commands-in-a-docker-container-f68247d72e1chttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/how-to-execute-commands-in-a-docker-container-f68247d72e1cHow to run one or more commands in a running or stopped Docker container.Fri, 14 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/structured-concurrency-in-java-0a948abac2cfhttps://medium.com/javarevisited/structured-concurrency-in-java-0a948abac2cfHow structured concurrency ties threads to a scope, so failures, cancellation and cleanup stop leaking.Thu, 30 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/openai-cofounder-brutal-take-on-llms-agents-and-why-agi-is-still-decade-away-561703ca4731https://levelup.gitconnected.com/openai-cofounder-brutal-take-on-llms-agents-and-why-agi-is-still-decade-away-561703ca4731Andrej Karpathy on why large language models and agents are further from AGI than the hype suggests.Sun, 26 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/checked-exceptions-have-no-place-in-modern-java-c0f16f0e147bhttps://medium.com/javarevisited/checked-exceptions-have-no-place-in-modern-java-c0f16f0e147bLambdas, streams and frameworks already moved past checked exceptions. The language should too.Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/swlh/stop-being-polite-to-chatgpt-it-works-better-when-youre-rude-eab6e7a3339bhttps://medium.com/swlh/stop-being-polite-to-chatgpt-it-works-better-when-youre-rude-eab6e7a3339bA Penn State study found ChatGPT gave more correct answers to rude prompts than to polite ones.Tue, 14 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/system-scaling-techniques-senior-engineers-must-master-part-2-debbc2bbeda6https://levelup.gitconnected.com/system-scaling-techniques-senior-engineers-must-master-part-2-debbc2bbeda6How to scale connections, sessions and threads once rate limiting and caching are not enough.Thu, 09 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/system-scaling-techniques-senior-engineers-must-master-part-1-12c992d284aehttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/system-scaling-techniques-senior-engineers-must-master-part-1-12c992d284aeThe patterns that keep a system up under load: rate limiting, throttling, CDN caching, eventual consistency, edge computing and hot-partition mitigation.Mon, 06 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/how-java-virtual-threads-broke-netflix-5f7b491435cchttps://medium.com/javarevisited/how-java-virtual-threads-broke-netflix-5f7b491435ccNetflix ran Java 21 virtual threads in production and hit thread pinning.Wed, 01 Oct 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/architecture-design-patterns-every-senior-developer-must-know-part-2-0409ec13f8c2https://levelup.gitconnected.com/architecture-design-patterns-every-senior-developer-must-know-part-2-0409ec13f8c2More architecture patterns for large systems, starting with Staged Event-Driven Architecture.Sun, 28 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/architecture-design-patterns-every-senior-developer-must-know-part-1-38b636c3b746https://levelup.gitconnected.com/architecture-design-patterns-every-senior-developer-must-know-part-1-38b636c3b746Architecture patterns for large-scale systems, starting with CQRS and Event Sourcing.Fri, 26 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/monitoring-spring-boot-applications-part-2-9bcae4a56b07https://levelup.gitconnected.com/monitoring-spring-boot-applications-part-2-9bcae4a56b07Monitoring Spring Boot startup events with JDK Flight Recorder.Sat, 20 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/spring-boot-under-the-hoods-719677022cdbhttps://medium.com/javarevisited/spring-boot-under-the-hoods-719677022cdbWhat happens when a client calls your Spring Boot API: the request lifecycle, step by step.Fri, 19 Sep 2025 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/ambassador-api-gateway/fast-local-development-of-spring-boot-apps-on-k8s-with-skaffold-telepresence-385b6e0dcd0chttps://medium.com/ambassador-api-gateway/fast-local-development-of-spring-boot-apps-on-k8s-with-skaffold-telepresence-385b6e0dcd0cUsing Skaffold and Telepresence for fast local development of Spring Boot apps that run on Kubernetes.Fri, 14 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/java-functional-interfaces-for-the-impatient-part-1-686acf9442c8https://levelup.gitconnected.com/java-functional-interfaces-for-the-impatient-part-1-686acf9442c8The functional interfaces in java.util.function, with code examples. Part one of a series.Tue, 21 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/monitoring-spring-boot-applications-part-1-b3fc6d14cedchttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/monitoring-spring-boot-applications-part-1-b3fc6d14cedcUsing JDK Flight Recorder, which ships with the JDK, to monitor a Spring Boot application.Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://levelup.gitconnected.com/spring-boot-and-java-16-records-3b3356345ac8https://levelup.gitconnected.com/spring-boot-and-java-16-records-3b3356345ac8Java 16 records, delivered in JEP 395, and how to use them in a Spring Boot application.Sun, 21 Mar 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/demystifying-google-container-tool-jib-java-image-builder-583badfe1bahttps://medium.com/javarevisited/demystifying-google-container-tool-jib-java-image-builder-583badfe1baInside Jib's image layering, and the benefits of the distroless images it uses by default.Thu, 21 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/10-books-every-java-developer-must-read-fdc424f4b91ehttps://medium.com/javarevisited/10-books-every-java-developer-must-read-fdc424f4b91eBooks for experienced Java developers on concurrency, microservices, new language features and best practices.Sun, 03 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/declare-var-not-war-5bfb7a1a399ehttps://medium.com/javarevisited/declare-var-not-war-5bfb7a1a399eLocal-variable type inference with var, added in Java 10 to cut boilerplate.Thu, 31 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/running-kubernetes-on-docker-desktop-for-mac-ec9bae049311https://medium.com/javarevisited/running-kubernetes-on-docker-desktop-for-mac-ec9bae049311How to create a pod and deploy a Spring Boot application on Kubernetes.Tue, 22 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/skaffolding-springboot-application-dbfbc463e558https://medium.com/javarevisited/skaffolding-springboot-application-dbfbc463e558A CI/CD workflow for a Spring Boot application on Kubernetes, built with Skaffold.Mon, 07 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/containerizing-springboot-application-with-jib-716daa3e0850https://medium.com/javarevisited/containerizing-springboot-application-with-jib-716daa3e0850Build Docker or OCI images for a Spring Boot application with Jib, without a Docker client or a Dockerfile.Sun, 15 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/connecting-simple-java-client-with-apache-geode-docker-container-fca32a4c9946https://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/connecting-simple-java-client-with-apache-geode-docker-container-fca32a4c9946Starting a locator and a server in an Apache Geode container and connecting to the cluster from a simple Java client.Wed, 11 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/openshift-webhook-github-1e2df303167bhttps://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/openshift-webhook-github-1e2df303167bTriggering OpenShift builds on Minishift when you push changes to a GitHub repository.Wed, 11 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/running-apache-geode-with-docker-187d3a3dac27https://ashish-choudhary.medium.com/running-apache-geode-with-docker-187d3a3dac27How to run Apache Geode, a distributed in-memory data grid, inside a Docker container.Wed, 11 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMThttps://medium.com/javarevisited/running-simple-springboot-app-on-minishift-84f51894bdf6https://medium.com/javarevisited/running-simple-springboot-app-on-minishift-84f51894bdf6Deploying a simple Spring Boot application to OpenShift with Minishift.Sat, 02 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT